Kelly TR, Hawkins MG, Sandrock CE, Boyce WM. Lancet. World Health Organization.
2009 Jul 15;49(2):279-90.6. WHO rapid advice guidelines on pharmacological management of humans infected with avian influenza A (H5N1) virus.
Emerg Infect Dis.
Duval X, van der Werf S, Blanchon T, et al. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20587181?tool=bestpractice.com The booster shot is given 21 days after your first shot. 2011;6:e17730. Avian influenza viruses in humans.
Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. The most commonly identified risk factors associated with A(H5N1) virus infection include contact with infected blood/organs or bodily fluids of infected poultry through food preparation practices; touching and caring for infected poultry; exposure to A(H5N1) by swimming or bathing in potentially virus-laden ponds, exposure to A(H5N1) at live bird markets in Asia and via backyard poultry in Egypt [3].EU legislation for surveillance and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses is in place in Directive No EU legislation for human cases in Europe exists. Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. In addition, the Hungarian vaccine producer Omninvest has authorised an influenza A(H5N1)-containing vaccine in Hungary. The updated WHO guidelines would recommend oseltamivir therapy but also would suggest consideration of alternative drug regimens, including combination treatment with an M2 inhibitor and oseltamivir, as well as doubling the oseltamivir dose and duration of therapy.
There may be slight infection control recommendation differences between the WHOTreatment recommended for SOME patients in selected patient groupGiving M2 inhibitors (amantadine or rimantadine) alone as a first-line therapy is not recommended.According to the WHO, a combination of a neuraminidase inhibitor and an M2 inhibitor should be considered if local surveillance data show that the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus is known or likely to be susceptible, but this should be done only in the context of research or prospective data collection.For any urgent enquiries please contact our customer services team who are ready to help with any problems.unprotected exposed healthcare workers and close contacts of suspected/confirmed caseobservation ± post-exposure neuraminidase inhibitorchildren ≥3 months of age: 3 mg/kg orally twice daily for 5-10 days; children >1 year of age and ≤15 kg body weight: 30 mg orally twice daily for 5-10 days; children >15-23 kg body weight: 45 mg orally twice daily for 5-10 days; children >23-40 kg body weight: 60 mg orally twice daily for 5-10 days; children >40 kg body weight and adults: 75 mg orally twice daily for 5-10 daysCentres for Disease Control and Prevention.
intensity of exposure).Unvaccinated persons who were exposed to avian influenza viruses as a result of their occupation should be offered vaccination against seasonal influenza in accordance with national guidelines.There are three influenza A(H5N1)-containing vaccines which are centrally authorised and produced by vaccine producers in the EU/EEA: a) Adjupanrix, produced by GSK, containing 3.75 μg of the influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1)-like strain (NIBRG-14) [8]; b) prepandemic influenza vaccine (H5N1), produced by GSK Vaccines and Diagnostics, containing 7.5 μg of the influenza A/Vietnam/1194/2004 (H5N1)-like strain (NIBRG-14) [9]; and c) pandemic influenza vaccine A(H5N1) by Baxter, containing influenza A/Vietnam/1203/2004 (H5N1) [10]. http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1000362 World Health Organization. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16964257?tool=bestpractice.com
Zanamivir is an intravenous infusion formulation and has been approved under an early access to medicines scheme (‘compassionate use’) in the HPAI A(H5N1) viruses have so far been reported to be sensitive to neuraminidase inhibitors, even though a few viruses of the Egyptian clade showed resistance.Given the potential zoonotic risk, contingency plans for the control of avian influenza in poultry and birds should be considered. PLoS One.
Human cases have reported direct exposure to apparently healthy looking or sick poultry, mostly backyard poultry before onset of disease. February 2018 [internet publication]. Update on avian influenza A (H5N1) virus infection in humans. PLoS Med.
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