The natural history of jellyfish is amazing and bizarre. Miraculously, the Black Sea recovered (although not to its former glory), but jellyfish continue to wreak havoc in oceans around the world. And it’s only a matter of time before we find the other 10% with sonar, radar, LORAN, GPS, and spotter aircraft.The United Nations has predicted all commercial fish species will be extinct by 2048. Hello jelly-O.The time when jellyfish rule is not far away, it could be in your lifetime, or your children’s lifetime. The Chesapeake used to famous for shellfish, now it’s best known for its jellyfish (p261-263).You’ve probably heard of bycatch – all the unwanted and unintended dolphins, turtles, fish and so on that are discarded, most so mangle they don’t survive when thrown back.
This affects phytoplankton, the teeny aquatic plants that are the dinner buffet for vast numbers of sea creatures. As Gershwin explains, jellyfish thrive on ecosystems in distress.
On April 24, scientists encountered the creature in the video above during one part of the NOAA 2016 Deepwater Exploration of the Mariana Trench . Further destroying the fish are the thousands of miles of “ghost nets” – the nets lost from boats that drift aimlessly still catching fish.Jellyfish even eat other jellyfish, so when we’ve caught most of the fish, or otherwise destroyed them by dredging, ocean warming and acidification, pollution, dead zones, etc., jellyfish will Sewage provides nourishment for jellyfish since they can get 10 to 40% of what they need by absorbing nutrients through their skin. 47% atmosphere 27% plants 26% the oceansChina is building new coal power plants at up to 3 per week.They’re replacing/competing with fish (anchovy, kilka, cod, sprat), shellfish, seals, and other seafood/creatures in many seas, such as: Black Sea, Sea of Azov, Mersin Bay in Turkey, Sea of Marmara, Aegean sea, Syria, Caspian, North Sea, Baltic, Mediterranean (esp Israel & Spain), Ligurian Sea, Tyrrhenian Sea, Ionian Sea (pp.
They kept the ray population in check, but now that they’re gone, the ray population has exploded, and they’re devouring almost a million tons of scallops, clams, and oysters a year. The box jellyfish’s diminutive cousin, the Irukandji has mastered the closest thing to the perfect murder in the animal kingdom.
Thanks to overfishing, pollution and other factors, though, “jellyfish populations are exploding into superabundances and exploiting these changes in ways that we could never have imagined… and in some cases driving them,” explains biologist Lisa-Ann Gershwin in her brilliant book “Overfishing creates more opportunity for jellyfish to feed and breed. Phytoplankton blooms make even more food available. Residents of Australia and Southeast Asia share shores with the dread box jellyfish, whose sting “is the Then there’s the Irukandji.
Throngs of jellyfish have disrupted power generation everywhere from Muscat to Maryland, from South Korea to Scotland.
Chemical repellents, biocides, nets, electric shocks, and introducing species that eat jellyfish won’t do it. We’re creating a feedback loop that favors jellyfish.Worse yet, overfishing can create trophic cascades when we remove keystone predators. Polyps—those clone sacks that churn out baby jellyfish—are “key to their ability to bloom in such incredibly rapid fashion and shocking numbers,” writes Gershwin.A few centuries ago, the hard surfaces available for polyps to cling to included mainly seabed rocks and oyster shells; those polyps that couldn’t find such surfaces couldn’t clone. But jellyfish eat much larger clams, crabs, starfish, snails, and fast, smarter fish and squid.They’re also at the top because not much wants to eat them.Worse yet, they outcompete other sea life by devouring the eggs and larvae of species that would have grown up to eat jellyfish larvae. "Is global ocean sprawl a cause of jellyfish blooms?" The plundering of, say, salmon removes one of the jellyfish’s few predators. That’s probably because, from an evolutionary standpoint, jellyfish are biologically primed to swarm the seas. Both the polyps and the medusa could be considered “immortal” – when a polyp dies it’s clones live on, and there is one species of jellyfish, where after it dies, its pieces turn back into polyps (“Logically, it would seem that other species probably do it too, but we have yet to identify others,” according to Gershwin in a reply to this book review).That seems so wrong– a primitive brainless blob? Mnemiopsis jellyfish have spread across much of this sea.Namibia Benguela fishery: 30,000 square nautical miles taken over by jellyfish (pp37-39)Warming oceans reduce oxygen levels, making it hard for fish to respire and surviveHeavy metals and pesticides accumulate in fish tissues and kill themVast dead zones don’t have enough oxygen for fish to breathe, and it kills themOceans are acidifying from carbon dioxide, leaching calcium carbonate out of coral and other marine life skeletonsKrill depend on sea ice, which is melting – krill abundance has declined 40% per decade since 1976.
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